Economy/ Foreign
· Queen Elizabeth proved that you can rule without a king on your side.
· She beat the Spanish armada.
· she was queen for almost 45 years
· She established the Anglican Church and also avoided war with the powerful Roman Catholic nations of Europe
· She sent the first settlers were sent to America to open the way for a great colonial empire,
· Under her reign England's economy flourished
· English literature thrived during her reign
· he conflicts with Spain and in Ireland dragged on, the tax burden grew heavier, and the economy was hit by poor harvests and the cost of war. Prices rose and the standard of living fell
· London stock exchange founded in 1801, one of the largest in the world
· Population was growing fast, which made big strains on the harvest which was very unsuccessful during her reign
· Prices of food and clothing skyrocketed
· parliament also passed laws stating that even in time of great shortage food and other necessity prices should be fair
· “One of the queen’s most important economic decisions was to issue a new currency that contained a standard amount of precious metal. This raised confidence in the currency and also allowed businesses to enter into long-term financial contracts.”
Queen Elizabeth’s religion policy
Wanted to restore the Protestant faith
Believed in her own, Protestant, faith, religious toleration, and that Catholic and Protestant were both a part of the same faith
Mainly wanted peace and stability within the empire
She wanted a church that would appeal to the Protestant and Catholic religions because the Catholics would ultimately begin to like the Protestant Church and switch
Eventually wanted Catholicism to die out, wanted everyone to be Protestant
She disliked long sermons, liked candles and music (Protestant Churches have better music even today, they sing more)
Sea Power
Henry VIII built a fleet of fighting ships armed with large guns and created a naval administration. Under Elizabeth I the navy developed into England’s major defense and became the means by which the British Empire was extended around the globe. The maritime forces were given the name Royal Navy by Charles II, although the military forces had come under control of Parliament during the English Civil Wars (1642–51).
· The greatest sailor of his generation, the navigator Francis Drake was famous in his own lifetime. Hawkins and Drake made the first English slave-trading expeditions.
· It was here with the help of the cimarrones, escaped slaves who fought the Spanish, that Drake ambushed a treasure train in February 1573. He returned to England a wealthy man.
· In 1577 Drake was commissioned to circumnavigate the globe, Queen Elizabeth being among the sponsors of the expedition. Drake visited the East Indies and loaded his ship with spices before returning to England via the Cape of Good Hope.
· Drake's feat of navigation was extraordinary. The expedition captured an estimated 600,000 worth of booty and demonstrated the wealth and vulnerability of the Spanish empire. The Queen's share of £300,000 was more than the crown's income for a whole year.
· War broke out with Spain in 1585. Drake sailed for the West Indies and stormed the Spanish cities of Santa Domingo and Cartegena. On the way back to England Drake captured the Spanish fort of San Agustín in Florida. As a result of these attacks King Philip II of Spain ordered planning to begin for an invasion of England.
· The following year Drake occupied the town for three days and destroyed 26 enemy ships as well as a large quantity of stores. This attack delayed the Spanish invasion by a year.
· When the Spanish Armada was sighted on 19 July 1588 Drake was playing a game of bowls on Plymouth Hoe. Legend has it that he finished the game boarding the Revenge. As the English fleet pursued the Armada up the Channel, Drake captured the Spanish galleon Rosario causing confusion in the English fleet in the process. He was also present at the Battle of Gravelines off Calais on 30 July 1588.
· Under orders from the Queen to destroy the remains of the Armada, Drake led an unsuccessful expedition in 1589. After destroying a few Spanish ships in Corunna, Drake and Sir John Norris, commanding the troops, decided to excite a popular uprising in Portugal. An attack on Lisbon failed and with no Portuguese support the expedition returned to England empty handed. The Queen was furious and Drake was in disgrace.
· Drake undertook a further privateering expedition to the West Indies in company with Hawkins. He died of yellow fever at Puerto Bello in Panama in 1596.
· Richard Hawkins was a 17th century seaman, explore and Elizabeth’s sea dog.
· In 1597 Hawkins was sent to Spain, and imprisoned
He was released in 1602, and, returning to England, was knighted in 1603.
Pirates continued to attack the treasure ships, so the Council of the Indies added a third convoy to the flota system in 1591, a change which remained in effect until the mid 1600s.
Pirates continued to attack the treasure ships, so the Council of the Indies added a third convoy to the flota system in 1591, a change which remained in effect until the mid 1600s.
In 1553 Vincent Bocquet of Dieppe captured eight out of fourteen vessels in a flota bound for Spain. He accomplished this feat with only two ships.
Lovers/Advisors
Philipe was a suitor who was married to his sister Mary. Mary died and England proposed that he Mary Elizabeth. As these two got closer Phillip managed to nearly rape her of affection. He did not want to Mary because she was afraid the male may try to take her power over England. Phillip was also hated by nearly all the people of England.
General analysis
Is that she did not want to marry because of risk that she could lose her leadership over England.
Domestic Policies
She chose never to marry.
If she chose a foreign prince, he would have drawn England into foreign policies for his own advantages.
Used her prospects as political tool in foreign and domestic policies.
Influenced both through her choice of officials and her response to their counsel.
Dedicated to all else to the creation and maintenance of stability.
